Language is more than being a medium of communication, it helps in identifying culture while also building connections. And in a country as diverse as India, where different states have their distinct linguistic identity, the education focusing on language plays a crucial role in unity and inclusivity. To keep this well implemented, the Indian education system(first proposed by Kothari Commission) has introduced the Three Language Formula, which is a policy framework to promote multilingualism while making sure that students are rooted in their mother tongue and culture.
But what exactly is the Three Language Formula? How did it come into practice? What impact does it give to schools, teachers, and students today? Consider this article as the ultimate guide when it comes to Three Language Formula.
The Three Language Formula (TLF) is an educational policy which was introduced in the 1960s by the Indian Government and the National Education Policy in 2020 further reinforced.
And this formula suggests that students should learn three languages atleast in schools. And they are:
- The regional or mother tongue as it preserves cultural identity especially when started early in foundational learning itself.
- Hindi (in non-Hindi speaking states) or maybe another Indian language (in Hindi-speaking states).
- English as it ensures that individuals are able to connect on a global scale and also have easy access to modern knowledge resources as they are mostly available in English Language.
The goal is not just about learning multiple languages, but about fostering linguistic harmony and broadening cultural horizons for students.
The Three Language Formula was not designed merely as an academic requirement. It was envisioned as a social and cultural bridge. Its core objectives include:
Encouraging children to learn languages beyond their region helps them connect with peers from other states.
When students learn their mother tongue, they get to understand their roots better and stay connected to their cultural origin.
Most of the global connections are made in English and the knowledge is widespread in this language, so if students do not know how to read, write, or speak in English, it becomes a problem for them to grow well globally.
As per research study, when children learn multiple languages, they develop stronger memory, problem-solving skills, and cognitive flexibility. So with the three language formula, students get to shape their talent at an early age.
When students learn their mother tongue, they feel confident when it comes to knowing something while also easily connecting with their traditions, folklore, and heritage.
With English, the access to global opportunities become easy, and with Hindi and regional languages the opportunities within India widens. And not just this, in today’s time, when the world is so interconnected, even multilingual professionals are in high demand.
When students from diverse backgrounds come together, the Three Language Formula gives them a mutual ground to converse, making the classroom more inclusive and collaborative.
The NEP 2020 reaffirmed the importance of the Three Language Formula. It emphasizes:
Children should be taught in their mother tongue/regional language at least till Grade 5.
The three languages learned by students must include at least two native Indian languages.
Flexibility should be given to states, regions, and students to choose languages according to local context.
This ensures that while the framework is respected, it does not become rigid or burdensome.
